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Let's try to collect all the problems related to editing the very large files under this umbrella.
I would like to clarify "very large files" term. Number of lines in very large file depends from language. So very large file from Java point of view is 50K lines. Very large file from C/C++ point of view is 200K lines.
Ok - let's first fix it for 50k lines and then see whether we can do even better. I think even the first part will be hard enough for the near term ...
Generally most of the editor infrastructure should scale well regarding size (all the important structrures use binary searches) except few cases like e.g. MarkBlock for guarded document and few others. I would also like to inspect the current HighlightingManager whether there could be certain improvements done. What I see as a potential problem are certain openide.text extensions like e.g. PositionRef.Manager and handling many Line objects (due to o.o.t.Annotation objects attached) per document in general. Also re-parsing of the whole document (re-attaching all highlights) won't scale well for very large files (e.g. java now only reparses single method if possible).